Market Snapshot: Overview of 2025 Canada-U.S. Energy Trade

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Release date: 2026-05-27

  • Canada and the United States (U.S.) share a highly connected energy system. This 2025 summary of Canada’s trade at the national level shows these connectionsFootnote 1.
  • A network of dozens of pipelines transport crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids (NGLs), and refined petroleum products (RPPs)Footnote 2 between Canada and the U.S. along with fleets of rail, marine, and freight vehicles. Additionally, 86 international power lines move electricity between provinces and U.S. states.
  • Exports of crude oil, RPPs, natural gasFootnote 3, and NGLs to the U.S. totaled $157.5 billionFootnote 4 for the Canadian economy in 2025 (Figure 1), representing 20.2% of Canada’s total goods exported globally.Footnote 5
  • Imports of crude oil, RPPs, natural gas, and NGLs from the U.S. amounted to $34.4 billion in 2025 (Figure 1), accounting for 4.4% of Canada’s total goods imported globally.Footnote 6
  • In 2025, electricity exports to the U.S. were valued at $3.3 billion, representing 0.4% of total goods exported from Canada to all countries. Electricity imports from the U.S. were valued at $1.4 billion, representing 0.2% of total goods imported into Canada from all countries.

Canada’s share of U.S. energy importsFootnote 7

  • In 2025, Canada provided 63.4% of the crude oil and close to 100% of the natural gas imported by the U.S. Canada also supplied 24.9% of the RPPs and 97.9% of the NGLs imported by the U.S.
  • Canada was the source of 81.3% of the electricity imported by the U.S in 2025.

Canada-U.S. Hydrocarbon Trade

  • In 2025, Canada exported 6.5 million barrels per day of oil equivalent* (BOE/d) of hydrocarbons to 112 countries, the U.S. accounting for 90.8% of the total.
  • Of all the hydrocarbons exported from Canada to the U.S. in 2025, crude oil made up the largest share at 66.6%, followed by natural gas at 24.5%, RPPs at 5.7%, and NGLs at 3.2%.
  • Although primarily a hydrocarbon-exporting nation, Canada imported 1.5 million BOE/d of hydrocarbons in 2025 from 62 countries. The U.S. accounted for 83.8% of that total.
  • Of all the hydrocarbons imported to Canada from the U.S. in 2025, crude oil was 30.1% of the total BOE/d, natural gas was 31.1%, RPPs were 30.4%, and NGLs were 8.4%.

Figure 1: Annual Hydrocarbon Imports from the U.S. and Exports to the U.S. Categorized by Product (2016-2025)

Source and Text Alternative

Source: Canadian International Merchandise Trade Database (CIMT) – HS271121, HS 271111, HS270900, HS271113, HS2901100011, HS2901100012, HS2901100040, HS2711199010, HS271012, HS271019, HS271020. Data extracted March 2026.

Text Alternative: This figure displays two yearly stacked bar charts of hydrocarbon exports to the U.S. and imports from the U.S. in barrel of oil equivalent per day (BOE/d) from 2016 to 2025. The left chart shows exports to the U.S., and the right chart shows imports from the U.S. The total value in billion dollars for each year is labeled at the top of each bar.

Canada-U.S. Energy Trade by Type

Crude Oil

Figure 2: Annual Crude Oil Imports and Exports (2016-2025)

Source and Text Alternative

Source: Canadian International Merchandise Trade Database (CIMT) – HS270900. Data extracted March 2026.

Text Alternative: This figure shows a yearly stacked bar chart for crude oilFootnote 8 imports and exports in million barrels per day (MMb/d) by source and destination (U.S. versus other countries) from 2016 to 2025. Exports are displayed as positive values, with dark blue representing exports to the U.S. and dark orange for exports to other countries. Imports are shown as negative values, with light blue representing imports from the U.S. and yellow for imports from other countries.

  • In 2025, Canada exported 4.3 million barrels per day (MMb/d) of crude oil. Of this, 90.1%, or 3.9 Mb/d, went to the U.S.
  • In 2025, the value of Canada’s crude oil exports was $140.0 billion. Of this, 90.1%, or $126.1 billion, was from exports to the U.S.
  • In 2025, Canada imported 0.5 MMb/d of crude oil. Of this, 75.7% or 0.4 MMb/d, came from the U.S.
  • Crude oil imports from the U.S. were valued at $13.2 billion in 2025.

Natural Gas

Figure 3: Annual Natural Gas Imports and Exports (2016-2025)Footnote 9

Source and Text Alternative

Source: Canadian International Merchandise Trade Database (CIMT) – HS271121 and HS271111 Data extracted March 2026.

Text Alternative: This figure shows a yearly stacked bar chart for natural gas imports and exports in billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) by source and destination (U.S. versus other countries) from 2016 to 2025. Exports are displayed as positive values, with dark blue representing exports to the U.S. and dark orange for exports to other countries. Imports are shown as negative values, with light blue representing imports from the U.S. and yellow for imports from other countries. This chart excludes exports from LNG Canada.

  • In 2025, Canada exported 8.6 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) of natural gas (not counting exports from LNG Canada), nearly all of which went to the U.S.
  • Natural gas exports to the U.S. were valued at $12.5 billion in 2025 (not counting exports from LNG Canada).
  • In 2025, Canada exported 0.295 Bcf/d of liquified natural gas (LNG) from LNG Canada’s Kitimat, B.C. export facility, with all these volumes going to East Asia.Footnote 10 While this is an average figure for the full year, these exports only commenced in June 2025.
  • In 2025, Canada imported 2.5 Bcf/d of natural gas, 92.4% of which came from the U.S.
  • Natural gas imports from the U.S. were valued at $3.6 billion in 2025.

Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)

Figure 4: Annual Ethane, Propane, and Butane Imports and Exports (2016-2025)

Source and Text Alternative

Source: Canadian International Merchandise Trade Database (CIMT) – HS2901100040 & HS2711199010 (ethane); HS271112 (propane); and HS271113, HS2901100011 & HS2901100012 (butane). Data extracted March 2026.

Text Alternative: This figure presents three yearly stacked bar charts: one for butane, one for propane, and one for ethane. Each chart displays imports and exports in thousand barrels per day (Mb/d), categorized by source and destination (U.S. versus other countries) 2016 to 2025. Exports are displayed as positive values, with dark blue representing exports to the U.S. and dark orange for exports to other countries. Imports are shown as negative values, with light blue representing imports from the U.S. and yellow for imports from other countries.

  • NGLs are light hydrocarbons recovered from natural gas production and oil refineries. These liquids include, but are not limited to, ethane, propane, and butane.
  • In 2025, Canada exported 288.6 thousand barrels per day (Mb/d) of NGLs, with 64.2% or 185.3 Mb/d, going to the U.S.
  • NGL exports to the U.S. were valued at $3.3 billion in 2025.
  • In 2025, Canada imported 107.0 Mb/d of NGLs—nearly 100% from the U.S.
  • NGL imports from the U.S. were valued at $0.7 billion in 2025.

Refined Petroleum Products (RPP)

Figure 5: Annual Refined Petroleum Products Imports and Exports (2016-2025)

Source and Text Alternative

Source: Canadian International Merchandise Trade Database (CIMT) – HS271012, HS271019, HS271020. Data extracted March 2026.

Text Alternative: This figure shows a yearly stacked bar chart for RPP imports and exports in million barrels per day (MMb/d) by source and destination (U.S. versus other countries) 2016 to 2025. Exports are displayed as positive values, with dark blue representing exports to the U.S. and dark orange for exports to other countries. Imports are shown as negative values, with light blue representing imports from the U.S. and yellow for imports from other countries.

  • RPPs include a wide range of products refined from crude oil: gasoline, diesel, naphtha, heating oil, and kerosene jet fuel, among others.
  • In 2025, Canada exported 0.40 MMb/d of RPPs. Of this, 84.3% or 0.34 MMb/d, went to the U.S.
  • RPP exports to the U.S. were valued at $15.5 billion in 2025.
  • In 2025, Canada imported 0.49 MMb/d of RPPs. Of this, 79.7% or 0.39 MMb/d, came from the U.S.
  • RPP imports from the U.S. were valued at $16.9 billion in 2025.

Electricity

Figure 6: Annual Electricity Imports and Exports from and to the U.S. (2016-2025)

Source and Text Alternative

Source: Canadian International Merchandise Trade Database (CIMT) – HS271600. Data extracted March 2026.

Text Alternative: This figure shows a yearly stacked bar chart for electricity imports and exports in Terawatt hours (TWh) with the U.S. from 2016 to 2025. Exports are displayed as positive values, with dark blue representing exports to the U.S. Imports are shown as negative values, with light blue representing imports from the U.S. Canada does not import or export electricity from or to other countries.

  • Electricity imports and exports play a critical role in ensuring electricity systems reliability in Canadian provinces and U.S. states.
  • All of Canada’s electricity trade is with the U.S. In 2025, Canada exported 32.7 Terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity, valued at $3.3 billion.
  • Canada imported 22.1 TWh of electricity, valued at $1.4 billion in 2025Footnote 11.
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